시원스쿨 생초보 탈출 1

 

 

현재형 : ~한다
-주어+동사
-부정문 Don't(Doesn't)+동사원형, 의문문 Do(Does)+주어+동사원형

 

나는 영어를 공부한다.
I study english.

 

You like me. You don't like me. Do you like me?

She likes me. She doesn't like me. Does she like me?

 

 

과거형  : ~했다.
-주어+과거동사
-부정문 Didn't+동사원형, 의문문 Did+주어+동사원형

 

나는 영어를 공부했다.
I studed english.

 

You liked me. You didn't like me. Did you like me?
She liked me. She didn't like me. Did she like me?

 

 

미래형 : ~할 것이다.
-주어+Will+동사원형+목적어
-부정문 Will not(Won't)+동사원형, 의문문 Will+주어+동사원형

 

나는 영어를 공부할거야.
I will study english.

 

You will like me. You will not like me. Will you like me?
I will prepare trip. I wont' prepare trip. Will you prepare trip?

 

 

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TO 부정사 : ~하기를, ~하는 것을, ~위해서
-to+동사

 

나는 미국에 가길 원한다.
I want to go to america.

 

Do you want to drink? I need to study english for my trip.
I want you to understand What I Mean. I don't want you to spend money for me.
Do you want me to talk to her? I want you to remember me.

 

 

명사+to 부정사 : ~할 무엇
-명사+to+동사

 

마실 것 something to drink, 할 일 Work to do, 쓸 얼음 ice to use

 

I don’t have any place to go.
I got nothing to do. I got no place to sleep.
I have to go because I’ve got work to finish.

 

의문사+to 부정사 : 무엇을 할지, 어디를 갈지, 어떻게 갈지, 언제 갈지
-의문사+to+동사

 

어디로 갈지 where to go, 뭘 먹을지 what to eat, 뭘 볼지 what to see, 어떻게 갈지 how to go, 언제 갈지 when to go

 

I don’t know what to eat. I don’t know what to see.

I don’t know where to go. I don’t know how go there.
I don’t know what to do. I don’t know how to speak this in English.
I don’t know where to have a good dinner.

 

 

 

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Can(Could) : ~할 수 있다.
-부정문 Can't(Couldn't), 의문문 Can(Could)+주어+동사원형

 

나는 영어를 잘 못합니다.
I can't spaek english very well.

 

I can do. I couldn't do. I can't eat anymore.
I cannot answer the phone anymore.
Can you lose weight? Can you go more? Can you do like me?

 

 

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Be 동사 : be+형용사
-주어+be+형용사
-의문문 be+주어+형용사, 부정문 be+not+형용사

 

어렵다. 어려워? 어렵지않아.
It is hard. Is it hard? It is not hard.

Be 동사 : be+명사
-주어+be+명사
-~야, ~이다, ~예요, ~입니다, ~라니까, ~잖아요

 

내가 최고야. 나는 최고가 아니야.
I am the best. I am not the best.

 

I want to be a good father.

Be 동사 : ~있다. 존재하다.

 

나 여기 있어요.
I am here.

 

be in 안에 있다, be under 밑에 있다, be on 위에 있다, be by 옆에 있다, be next to 다음에 있다, be over 넘어에 있다, be far(from) 멀리 있다, be close(to) 가까이 있다, be around 주변에 있다, be near 근처에 있다, be stick(to) 붙어있다.

 

 

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Help : 돕다, 도와준다
-help+사람+with+명사
-help+사람+동사원형 : ~할 수 있도록 돕다
-help+사람+with+동사~ing  : ~하느데 있어 도와주다.
 

나 이거 도와주세요.
Help me with this.

 

Help me study. Help me with studying.
Help me with buying. Could you help me with buying a ticket?

Could you help me with this?

 

Keep : 계속하다, 유지하다
-keep+사람(사물)+동사~ing : 계속 ~하게 하다
-keep+사람(사물)+형용사 : 계속 ~하게 (상태를) 유지하다

 

제가 계속 일하게 해주세요
Keep me working.

 

이걸 계속 차갑게 해놔
Keep this cold.

 

Keep me dreaming. Keep me here.

 

Make : 만든다.
-make+사람+동사원형 : ~하게 하다, 만든다
-make+사람(사물)+형용사 :~하게 하다, 만든다

 

저를 가게 합니다
make me go.

 

이거 차갑게 만들어 주세요
Make this cold.

 

Make me understand. Make me see.

 

 

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Have to/Should/Must : ~해야한다. ~해야돼
-have to 비격식체 gotta, 부정문 +not

 

가야만 한다
gotta go = have to go.

 

I gotta go take a rest. I gotta go take a bus.
I gotta go see my friend. You gotta come take a look at this.
You gotta go see that. It’s so good.
You should be able to speak English.

 

 

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Be supposed to : 원래~하기로 되어있다.
-be supposed to+동사원형

 

너 지금 집에 있어야 하잖아.
You are supposed to be in your home now.

 

 

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Be going to : ~할 것이다.
-조동사 Will을 대체, 부정문 be not going to
-going to를 줄여 gonna로 말할 수 있음.

 

너는 우리 집에 올거니?
Will you come to my house? (Are you going to come to my house?)

 

I am going to come to your home at 7 tonight.(I'm gonna come to your home at 7 tonight.)
I am not going to come to your home.
Are you going to take a bus in the morning?
With whom are you going to have dinner tonight?
Are you gonna go? Where are you gonna go?

 

 

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Be able to : ~할 수 있다.
-조동사 Can을 대체, 부정문 be not able to

 

나는 영어를 할 수 있어.
I can speak english.(I am able to speak english)

 

How much time are you able to make?
Are you able to watch a movie with me tonight?
Are you able to study English everyday?
I am able to study English everyday. (I am not able to study English everyday)
When I was young, I was able to play the piano.

 

will be able to ~할 수 있게 될 거야 (확신)
might be able to ~할 수 있을지도 몰라 (100% 확신이 아닌 추측)
should be able to ~할 수 있게 되어야만 한다 (권유의 느낌)
have to be able to ~할 수 있게 되어야만 한다 (강도 높음)
must be able to ~할 수 있게 되어야만 한다 (강도 높음)

 

 

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현재진행형 : ~하는 중이다.
-be+동사~ing, 부정문 be+not+동사~ing

 

영어를 공부하는 중이야.
I am studying english.

 

*be+동사~ing는 미래형으로 표현 : ~할 것이다.
If you come here, I am buying beer tonight.

 

are you drinking tonight?
If i go to there tonight, are you buying soju?
I am not taking a shower in next 10 minutes.

 

 

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동명사 : 동사~ing 
-동명사는 주어 또는 목적어로 사용.

 

한국에서 영어공부 하는 것은 쉽지 않아.
Studing english in korea is not easy.

 

Driving in seoul every day is hard.
Going there now is inpossible.

 

*동명사는 목적어로 사용가능.
I like to study english (I like studing english)

 

 

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Let : ~하게한다(허락하다)
-Let 인칭대명사 목적어+동사

 

나도 좀 보자!
Let me see!

 

Let me take a shower!
You will let me go to america. Ye will not let me go to america.
Will you let me go to america?
If i can speak english, will you let me go to america?

 

 

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Try to : ~하려고 한다.
-현재진행형인 I’m trying to

 

저는 배우려고 노력합니다.
I’m trying to learn.

 

I’m trying to go. I’m trying to understand.
Are you trying to understand? Are you trying to finish?
Are you trying to get over your depression?

 

 

Be about to : 막 ~하려고 하다.
-be about to+동사원형

 

저 막 나가려고 했어요.
I was about to go out.

 

I’m about to see. I was about to call you.
I’m about to take a look at my e-mail.

 

Get to : ~하게된다.

 

나는 너를 알게 되길 원 해.
I want to get to know you.

 

It was good to get to see you. I want to get to see you.
If you are in my position, you will get to understand me.
When you become a mother, you will get to understand me.

 

Tend to : ~하게되는 경향이 있다.

 

이거는 작은 편이야.
This tends to be small.

 

He tends to work late. I tend to eat too much.
I tend to overeat.

 

 

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So that : ~할 수 있도록
-so that+주어+could

 

네가 볼 수 있도록
so that you could see.

 

I opened the door so that you could come.
I talked slowly so that she could understand.
I cleaned my room so that my sister could sleep in my room.

 

 

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Even if : ~일지라도
-even if 주어 + 동사

 

어렵더라도 노력해야 해.
Even if it’s hard, I gotta try it.

 

Even if it’s hard, you must not stop coming up with ideas.
Even if taxies look expensive, you gotta take them at night.
Even if English is very hard, you must keep trying.
Even if I don’t like classical music, I still listen to them.

 

 

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although/even Though : ~함에도 불구하고
-although(even though) 주어+동사, 주어+동사

 

영어를 공부하는 것이 어려워도, 나는 영어를 공부해야만 해.
Although studying english is hard, I have to study it.

 

Although you want to see the movie, I will not let you see the movie.
Although i can't speak english, I will go to america.
Although i can't meet my firends, I will write letters to them.
Although making friends is difficult, I will make friends.

 

 

 

 

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